PulsePatch: A Wearable ECG Patch for Real-Time Arrhythmia Detection and Remote Cardiac Monitoring

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of global mortality, with cardiac arrhythmias often acting as early indicators
of life-threatening conditions. Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring enables early diagnosis, yet existing solutions such as Holter monitors remain bulky, costly, and unsuitable for long-term daily use. This paper presents PulsePatch, a compact wearable ECG patch designed for continuous real-time cardiac monitoring and on-device arrhythmia detection. The system integrates an AD8232 ECG sensor with an ESP32 microcontroller to acquire and preprocess ECG signals using noise filtering, baseline correction, and R-peak detection techniques. A lightweight arrhythmia detection approach identifies conditions such as atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, and tachycardia. Processed data and alerts are transmitted wirelessly to a mobile application for visualization and remote monitoring. Experimental validation using real ECG signals demonstrates reliable waveform acquisition and system feasibility. PulsePatch provides a low-cost, portable, and scalable solution for continuous cardiac care and early arrhythmia detection.